Trust
deficit taxing Indonesia-Australia relations
Imron Cotan ; Former Indonesia ambassador to Australia and was ambassador
to China and Mongolia. The article is an abridged version of his presentation
at the Indonesia–Australia Senior Advisory Group in Jakarta on March 20, 2014
|
JAKARTA
POST, 25 Maret 2014
Australia
is one of Indonesia’s closest neighbors. However, the two countries differ
markedly in terms of geography, history, race, values and norms.
To start
with, Indonesia is an archipelagic state that is sandwiched between two
continents, Asia and Australia, and two oceans, the Indian and the Pacific.
Indonesians
used to host seafarers coming from and going through these two continents and
two oceans. Indonesia slowly developed an archipelagic mentality, welcoming
people from all around the world, despite already being home to around 350
ethnicities.
On the
other hand, Australia is a continental country, far “down under”. In the
past, it really required a special effort to land on Australian shores. This
certainly led to the formation of a continental mentality, which some pundits
sometimes mistakenly identify as “alien-fear”.
Indonesia
emerged and bonded together as a nation out of extreme exploitation by
western powers, notably the Dutch, and later by eastern power Japan.
Australia went through a far different trajectory to become an independent
country under commonwealth traditions.
Indonesia
struggled to free itself from the colonial powers that grossly siphoned off
its natural resources. This explains why nationalism has been deeply rooted
in the psyche of the nation.
Indonesian
cultures, norms and values are basically Eastern-based. Islam notably plays a
significant role as around 80 percent of the country’s population professes
Islam as its religion. On the contrary, Australia is Western-based with
Christianity and European traditions being key in molding its values, norms
and outlook.
Politically,
Indonesia tends to take a neutral stance vis-à-vis regional and global
issues. Australia cemented a number of alliances — military or otherwise — as
dictated by its national interests.
In
short, Indonesia and Australia are oceans apart in terms of political and
sociocultural fabric, orientation and inclination. However, we share common
things upon which our relations should be based, deepened and widened.
First
and foremost, we share the same region, Asia and the Pacific. Indonesia
cannot chase Australia away from this commonly shared region, nor can
Australia expel Indonesia. Second, both are democracies, governed
democratically by elected leaders. Government policies have therefore to be
publicly debated and endorsed by parliament. Gone are the days when only one
leader made decisions in Indonesia.
The
system is still far from perfect, but is nonetheless functional.
Differences
should not deter us from cooperating to provide our respective citizens with
a strong sense of stability while mutually enjoying the prosperity presented
by the Asian Century.
The
impasse with which Indonesia and Australia are currently confronted arguably
resulted from a skin-deep understanding of the countries’ respective social
fabrics, providing the opportunity for mistrust to mushroom. This trust
deficit has to be admitted and hence confronted rigorously by both.
The
issues of boat people, drug convict Schapelle Corby being granted parole and
spying thanks to leakages by Edward Snowden, will be solved once both
countries fully understand each other in a genuine and in-depth manner.
Together
with other nations, both countries have always excelled in sealing deals to
tackle those symptoms. A series of politically and legally binding
commitments have therefore been produced.
Reality
sinks in immediately, however, when it comes to their implementation.
Take the
Bali Process, meant to deal with boat people. There are no practical measures
put in place to really curb this perennial problem, which involves the
countries that send, provide transit points for and receive migrants. As a
result, Indonesia continues to serve as transit country, often trying to
unilaterally address the issue, such as by revoking the visa exemption
previously extended to Iranians.
Some of
these migrants allegedly smuggled drugs into Indonesia to be sold to finance
their trips to Australia, which is extremely dangerous, particularly to
Indonesia’s future.
These
boat people coming, among others, from countries in the Middle East as well
as Central and South Asia also create social problems. One only needs to go
to West Java’s Puncak mountain resort area to witness some of the negative
impacts on locals.
Many
such migrants exploit the Indonesian archipelagic mentality of welcoming
outsiders.
No doubt
Indonesia wants this exploitation to stop, but it can only do so if and when
all countries concerned get involved, as unilateral action can only address
the symptoms, not the root cause.
One
should now wonder whether it is appropriate to gauge the relationship between
Indonesia and Australia by using Corby, Snowden, or boat people as a
yardstick. It should not and cannot be appropriate, as our national interests
far exceed those issues. Moreover, we share the same future. To make it
brighter, the two countries need to work jointly to help promote regional
stability and prosperity.
One
should not underestimate their ability to do so, Indonesia being the world’s
fourth most populous nation and 15th biggest economy, and Australia being one
of the regional centers of excellence.
It is
against this strategic backdrop that we should rapidly go beyond Snowden,
Corby, or boat people. Sending the Indonesian
Ambassador
back with a clear mandate to resolve the issue at hand is certainly an
excellent step in that direction.
Trust
deficit has heavily taxed the relationship between the neighbors. Extra
efforts need to be taken to significantly improve it.
It can
no longer be tolerated.
It can
only be addressed by first, revamping Indonesian studies in Australian
universities, halted by John Howard’s government and partly revived by Kevin
Rudd’s. Indonesians still see Australia as a favorite destination for study.
Thousands
of our students currently study across Australia, and China is catching up,
hosting around 17,000 Indonesian students. Yet Australia sends only a few to
Indonesia, its travel warning being one of the impediments.
Second,
promoting more second-track diplomacy, involving community leaders, public
opinion molders, concerned citizens, journalists and religious leaders, to
name but
a few.
Third,
taking concrete actions — as a matter of follow-up — on all our bilateral and
regional commitments, especially on issues that attract public attention,
before the media sets the tone (megaphone diplomacy).
Fourth, establishing
“direct hotline communication channels” connecting top leaders of the two
countries, to be employed during crises to speedily contain contentious
bilateral issues and resolve them accordingly. ●
|
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar