Universality
of culture ‘Ogoh-ogoh’ and Nebuta
Brisbania Ayu Saraswati ; The
writer studies at the department of Japanese studies at the School of
Humanities, University of Indonesia
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JAKARTA
POST, 29 Maret 2014
The
prayers for the celebration of Nyepi, the holy day of silence for Balinese
Hindus on Monday, include: “May all
beings be happy”. Natural harmony in the relationship between man and the
universe is very important for Balinese Hindus. Therefore, the Saka New Year
differs from that of the New Year on the Gregorian calendar, when family and
friends gather in merriness.
Nyepi is
actually held in celebration of Saka New Year, a day to ask the Sang Hyang
Widhi Wasa (creator) to maintain alignment between human beings and the
universe. During Nyepi, Hindus adhere to Amati Geni (abstinence from lighting
fires), Amati Karya (abstinence from working), Amati Lelanguan (abstinence
from having fun) and Amati Lelungan (abstinence from traveling).
Bali will be largely silent on Monday and,
from midnight until 6 p.m. the next day, every single light will be turned
off. The Balinese are not permitted to cook or light a fire, should not
converse and should stay inside their homes. In every alley and street, the
pecalang (civil security officers) of each banjar (village) will ensure that
all citizens respect Nyepi.
Whenever
Nyepi falls on a Friday, one observes interfaith tolerance as Muslims in Bali
hold their Friday prayers without the customary loudspeakers. They are also
required to go to the mosque on foot, to avoid noise from vehicles.
Three
days before Nyepi, rituals are held to purify the living environment of the
spirits, the Bhuta King, Bhuta Kala and Batara Kala, so they do not interfere
with humans. The ritual sequences are melasti (praying at temples), pecaruan
(offerings) and pengrupukan (spreading rice, lighting homes with torches and
making noise by hitting objects).
Pengrupukan
is usually followed by the festival of the ogoh-ogoh (giant effigies), held
on the eve of Nyepi. This festival involves a giant puppet being parade
around the banjar — the puppet being the image of Bhuta Kala — so that Bhuta
Kala is expelled from the surrounding environment. The ritual, which ends in
the burning of the puppet, aims to neutralize the human spirit and nature, to
enable a solemn celebration of Nyepi.
In the
modern context, ogoh-ogoh can take the form of any character as long as they
represent the evil objects that harm people’s lives and environment. In
Denpasar, the ogoh-ogoh festival usually takes a roundabout route not far
from the Sanglah Hospital, and always attracts throngs of residents and
tourists. For the celebration of Saka New Year 1936, which falls on March 31
this year, the ogoh-ogoh will be specifically to prevent unwanted occurrences
during the elections and associated campaigns.
In
Japan, the Nebuta Festival is held every year on Aug. 2-7. This festival is
also a ritual of cleansing oneself of the evil demons that cause drowsiness
and laziness when working in the fields and harvesting rice during summer. As
locals fear such laziness could affect their survival, they make giant puppets
in the form of their heroes, including samurai, fighting the evil demons. The
parade in the Aomori prefecture aims to drive out the evil demons by the end
of the festival. On Aug. 7, the puppets are herded into the sea to be washed
away, to enable residents to return to work in the summer.
The
culture of one nation is often similar to other cultures. Such universality
of culture is reflected in rituals like the festivals of ogoh-ogoh and
Nebuta.
The
ritual of purifying the self and the environment from evil demons to
safeguard the survival of mankind is the most important part of the rituals
during Nyepi and the ogoh-ogoh procession, and also in the Nebuta festival.
The chants and prayers essentially seek the attainment of happiness in the
world of living creatures. Asia is a continent with strong cultures, where
its people generally keep in contact with the Creator, to safeguard
themselves and all other beings living with them.
Happy Nyepi day, and may all beings be happy. ●
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